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第一章│冠詞(Articles)
1. 雖然冠詞只有a,an和the三個字,但使用起來,卻相當複雜。
2. a和an為不定冠詞,而the則為定冠詞。
3. 只要單數的普通名詞,不管是任何人、事、時、地、物,其第一個字母的發音為子音時用a。但是第一個字母的發音為母音時則用an。(a,e,i,o和u為母首,其它的則為子音。要注意的是發音而非以字母為準。
子音如a man, a table, a chair, a piece of paper, a good teacher, a nice day, etc.
母音如an hour ago, an old lady, an egg, an ugly cat, etc.
4. 如果我們所談論的人、事、時、地、物等等為特定的,這就必須使用the。
如the man in the room, the dog on the street, the book on the desk, the weather is good today, etc.
有時候使用在複數且特定的名詞上,如the workers of this company
5. 有些人認為a和an也是形容詞,因為an orange和one orange以及an egg和one egg等等沒有兩樣之故。
6. 從一般的普通名詞,變成特定的普通名詞時,要從a和an改用the
如a book-----the book on my desk, an egg-----the egg in the bowl
7. 表示自然界或方向的普通名詞要用the。如the earth, the moon, the east, the west之類。
8. 通常物質名詞或者專有名詞不加冠詞,但也有例外,如the wind was very strong last night, the Republic of China, the United States of America
9. 專有名詞當形容詞時也要加the,如the Chinese story, the English book
10. 食品名詞不加冠詞,如rice, wine, fish, ham
11. 抽象名詞和集合名詞不加冠詞,如happiness, sadness, furniture, money
12. 形容詞的最高級要加the,如the biggest, the highest, the tallest
13. 形容詞加the就變成複數名詞,如the handless=handless people, the poor=poor people
14. a的成語有不一樣的意義,如a lot of, a number of, give me a hand
15. the的成語也是很多,如by the pound, on the other hand, in the dark
16. 單數普通名詞加冠詞a,an或the時,與複數普通名詞的意義相同,如A cat is a timid animal.=Cats are timid animal.=The cat is a timid animal.
17. 不定冠詞──指一般而言。
a. He is a friend of mine.
b. There is an elephant picture on the wall.
c. It takes me an hour from my home to school.
18. 限定冠詞──指特定而言。
a. The cat is black, and the dogs are white in his backyard.
b. She loaned her picture to the museum.
19. 不可使用冠詞a或an在kind of, type of, or sort of之後。
a. What kind of a sports car is this? (wrong)
What kind of sports car is this? (right)
b. I prefer this type of a shirt. (wrong)
I prefer this type of shirt. (right)
c. We went to the hardware store for a special sort of a wrench. (wrong)
We went to the hardware store for a special sort of wrench. (right)
20. 當我們使用a或an在英文字母中時,必須遵守如下規則:
A. This is a B, C, D, G, J, K, P, Q, T, U, V, W, Y, Z.
B. This is an A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X.
a. a fire but an F
b. a sound but an S
c. a man but an M
d. a house but an H
21. 我們要知道a/an和one,one and a/an通常上是不能互換使用的,我們要使用one是當我們在計算時。如:
a. It was one coke we ordered, not two. (right)
It was a coke we ordered, not two. (wrong)
b. A knife is no good. You need a screwdriver to do the job properly. (right)
One knife is no good. You need one screwdriver to do the job properly. (wrong)
以上內容節錄自《TOEFL托福文法與構句 前冊》李英松◎著.李昭儀出版
更多精彩內容請見:
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